Retraction & Correction Policy

JESSHD is committed to preserving the integrity, transparency, and reliability of the scholarly record. When significant errors or research misconduct are identified after publication, the journal will issue corrections, retractions, or other editorial notices in accordance with international publishing ethics and COPE best practices.

The Journal of Education, Social Sciences, and Human Development (JESSHD) recognizes that maintaining an accurate scholarly record is fundamental to academic publishing. This policy explains how published articles may be corrected, updated, withdrawn, or retracted when necessary. It complements the journal's Publication Ethics policy, which states that confirmed research misconduct may result in manuscript rejection, correction, or retraction.

Article Corrections

JESSHD will publish a correction when an article contains an error that does not invalidate the overall findings or conclusions but requires clarification to maintain the accuracy of the scientific record.

Examples include:

• Typographical or formatting errors affecting interpretation.
• Incorrect author affiliations.
• Errors in figures, tables, or supplementary materials.
• Minor data presentation mistakes.
• Incorrect funding or acknowledgement information.
• Metadata errors such as DOI or citation information.

Corrections are published as separate editorial notices linked to the original article. The original article remains available while clearly indicating that a correction has been issued.

Article Retractions

A published article may be retracted when there is clear evidence that its findings are unreliable or when serious violations of publication ethics have occurred. Retraction is intended to correct the scholarly literature rather than punish authors.

Retraction may be considered when:

• Research data are fabricated or falsified.
• Plagiarism is confirmed.
• Duplicate or redundant publication is identified.
• Serious methodological errors invalidate the conclusions.
• Unethical research practices are discovered.
• Fraudulent authorship or undisclosed conflicts of interest materially affect the publication.
• Any other serious breach of publication ethics is confirmed.

Investigation Procedure

1. Receipt of an allegation or identification of a potential problem.
2. Preliminary assessment by the editorial office.
3. Communication with the corresponding author and, when appropriate, co-authors.
4. Review of supporting evidence and documentation.
5. Consultation with reviewers, editorial board members, or the authors' institution if necessary.
6. Editorial decision based on evidence and publication ethics.
7. Publication of an appropriate editorial notice.

Expression of Concern

When an investigation is ongoing and sufficient evidence is not yet available to support either correction or retraction, JESSHD may publish an Expression of Concern to inform readers that questions have been raised regarding the integrity or reliability of the article.

Retraction Notice

Every retraction notice published by JESSHD will:

• Be freely accessible to all readers.
• Be permanently linked to the original article.
• Clearly identify the retracted article.
• State the reason for retraction.
• Specify who initiated the retraction.
• Remain permanently available as part of the scholarly record.

The original article will remain online whenever appropriate to preserve the integrity of the scholarly record but will be clearly marked as Retracted on every page.

Commitment to Publication Integrity

JESSHD maintains zero tolerance for plagiarism, data fabrication, data falsification, duplicate publication, citation manipulation, and unethical authorship practices. Confirmed violations may result in correction, retraction, or other editorial actions necessary to protect the integrity of the scientific literature. This commitment is consistent with the journal's Publication Ethics policy.

Publication Integrity Correction Retraction COPE Principles Research Ethics

Maintaining a Trustworthy Scholarly Record

JESSHD is committed to publishing accurate, ethical, and reliable scientific research. All correction and retraction decisions are made carefully, transparently, and consistently to ensure that the published literature remains a trusted source of scholarly knowledge for researchers, practitioners, policymakers, and the wider academic community.